Evaluation of prognostic factors in the treatment outcome of patients with severe trauma

Cilj ove studije bio je određivanje nezavisnih prediktora i najboljeg trauma skoring sistema (REMS, RTS, GSC, SOFA, APPACHE II) intrahospitalnog mortaliteta kod pacijenata sa teškom traumom, lečenih u Urgentnom centru Kliničkog centra Srbije u Beogradu. Materijal i metode: Longitudinalna studija je uključila 208 konsekutivnih pacijenata sa teškom traumom, primljenih u Urgentni centar Kliničkog centra Srbije u Beogradu. U cilju određivanja nezavisnih prediktora preživljavanja, urađene su univarijantna i multivarijantna Koksova regresiona analiza. Takođe, uticaj sistema skorovanja ranije pomenutih skorova na prijemu u Urgentni centar (UC) u predikciji mortaliteta poređen je korišćenjem AUC (Area under curve) testom. Rezultati: Ispitivani uzorak činilo je 208 pacijenata (159 muškaraca, 49 žena), prosečnog uzrasta 47,3±20,7 godina. Većina pacijenata bila je inicijalno intubirana (86,1%), na prijemu u UC, a 59,6% pacijenata bilo je sedirano pre intubacije. Posle završetka dijagnostičkih procedura, 17 pacijenata je dodatno intubirano, tako da je na mehaničkoj ventilaciji bilo 94,2% pacijenata. Pacijenti su najčešći povređivani u saobraćajnim nesrećama (33,2%), prilikom pada sa visine (26,4%) i kao pešaci (22,6%). Prosečna dužina boravka u jedinici intenzivne nege iznosila je 24,7±21,2 dana. Letalitet je bio 17/208 (8,2%). Koksovom regresionom analizom pokazano je da su povišena srčana frekvenca (HR=1,03, p=0,012) i snižena saturacija krvi kiseonikom (HR=0,91, p=0,033) nezavisni prediktori smrtnog ishoda pacijenata sa teškom traumom..

Editorial: Antimicrobial nanostructured polymeric materials and nanocomposites, volume II

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens represent one of the major clinical challenges responsible for high-level morbidity and mortality. They are a significant problem to the public health and the economic stability of societies all over the world. In November 2021 WHO has declared AMR as one of the top 10 global public health threats (Antimicrobial resistance (who.int)). According to CDC’s 2019 AMR Report, although declining since 2013, with 2.8 million new cases and more than 35,000 deaths each year, the number of people facing the AMR problem in United States is still too high (Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (cdc.gov)). AMR also remains the major health concern of EU with more than 670,000 new cases of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and more than 33,000 deaths per year (Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022 - 2020 data (europa.eu)). In 2019 China recorded 39-% drop of antibiotic use in hospitalised patients compare to 2011 (Antimicrobial resistance - China (who.int)). Still, with 73,000 estimated new cases only for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, the region remained at second position of the global highest incident rates (Antimicrobial resistance - China (who.int)). Each year a large number of people receive different kinds of implants, for example, hip or knee. However recent discoveries reveal that, either during the operative protocol or due to secondary infections, the implant’s surface could be colonized by bacteria, fungi, or both which can have serious consequences on a patient’s health. According to Annual Epidemiological Report of ECDC in 2016, post-surgical infections were identified as most common healthcare-associated infections (Surgical site infections - Annual Epidemiological Report 2016 [2014 data] (europa.eu)). In recent years it has been also recognized that microbial biofilms are ubiquitous, which has resulted in a number of studies from a biofilm perspective. Currently, great efforts are focused on the development of innovative therapeutic strategies regarding both novel drug candidates and drug delivery systems for treating microbial infections associated with implants. However, despite all these efforts as well as the urgent need, an effective and long-lasting solution to this problem is still not found. In the last decades, great attention is paid to nanostructured polymeric materials and nanocomposites because of their unique properties, which make them appropriate candidates for various applications in different medical and pharmaceutical fields. This Research Topic draws attention to the up-to-date findings regarding these issues and advanced therapeutic strategies and approaches as possible solutions

Izazovi i mogućnosti transformacije grada u "Zero Waste City"

Fenomen nultog otpada koji se razvija obuhvata teoriju, praksu i učenje pojedinaca, porodica, preduzeća, zajednica i vladinih organizacija, koji odgovaraju na percepcije krize i neuspeha oko konvencionalnog upravljanja otpadom. Trenutno, naše društvo vođeno potrošnjom doprinosi proizvodnji velike količine otpada svakog dana u urbanim sredinama. Niske stope reciklaže vrše pritisak na gradske vlasti da se sa otpadom ponašaju na održiviji način. Uprkos ovom pritisku, sistemi upravljanja otpadom su posvetili malo pažnje procesima urbanog planiranja. Evidentno je da značajan broj globalno neobnovljivih resursa kao što su kadmijum, živa i telur će doživeti trajni nedostatak globalne ponude u naredne dve do tri decenije. Trenutna stopa recikliranja ovih vrlo oskudnih metala je značajno niska u svim gra- dovima širom sveta. Koncept grada bez otpada uključuje 100 procentnu reciklažu čvrstog komunalnog otpada i 100 procentni oporavak svih resurse iz otpadnih materijala. Shodno tome, postoje uočljive značajne praznine u pogledu upravljanja otpadom, pa je neophodno strateško upravljanje otpadom i preterano održiv model potrošnje, posebno u zemljama u razvoju koje su prilično ranjive na klimatske promene. Međutim, transformacija gradova koji trenutno previše troše u gradove bez otpada je izazov. Istraživanje ima za cilj da razume ključne faktore sistema upravljanja otpadom u gradovima kao što su potrošnja, iscrpljivanje resursa I moguća prilika za razdvajanje kroz implementaciju koncepta „ Zero waste city “. Istraživanje doprinosi tumačenju, kako se kroz koncept i implementaciju cilja nultog otpada može povećati angažovanje zajednice koja je katalizator dizajna pri upravljanju cirkularnijim urbanim metabolizmom

Dental Status of Victims from Batajnica’s Mass Graves

The aim of this paper is to present the post mortem dental evidence and dental health of the victims interred during 1999 in five grave pits at Batajnica near Belgrade. The investigated sample comprised 32 individuals with only maxillae preserved, 80 with mandible, and 260 individuals with both jaws. We have found high degree of enamel hypoplasia (25.89%), frequent signs of the severe forms of periodontal disease (18.55%), very high percent of antemortem tooth loss (31.48%), and evidence of edentate jaws in an early age of individuals. Amalgam was predominant material for tooth fillings; implants and non-metal ceramic crowns were not found, and three quaters of edentate individuals were found with full prostetic dentures. Despite the detailed postmortem dental analysis, antemortem dental charts were not collected. These individuals were identified by other forensic methods

Examination biological effects of the extract Crataegus nigra Wald. et Kit berries

Crataegus nigra, crni glog, može biti žbun ili nisko drvo. Njegovo stanište su plavni, aluvijalni tereni kraj većih reka u Mađarskoj, Srbiji, Hrvatskoj. Sam rod Crataegus je vrlo bogat vrstama i mnoge od njih su detaljno fitohemijski i farmakološki ispitivane. Hemijskom karakterizacijom različitih vrsta roda Crataegus je utvrđeno prisustvo flavonoida, flavonoidnih glikozida, procijanidina, dok su farmakološka ispitivanja pokazala kardioprotektivno, antioksidativno, antimikrobno, gastroprotektivno delovanje. Međutim u dosadašnjim ispitivanjima vrste Crataegus nigra istraživanja su bila usmerena samo na botaničke i morfološke karakteristike. U literaturi nema podataka o hemijskom sastavu i farmakološkim osobinama ove vrste. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se odredi hemijski profil ove vrste gloga, kao i utvrđivanje biološke aktivnosti i farmakoloških efekata vodeno-etanolnog ekstrakta plodova C. nigra. Za predviđene analize pripremljen je ekstrakt plodova C. nigra sa 80% etanolom. Primenom referentne metodologije određen je sadržaj ukupnih fenola, flavonoida i procijanidina. Izvršena je identifikacija fenolnih jedinjenja pomoću 45 standardnih supstanci. U in vitro uslovima primenom DPPH testa određena je antioksidativna aktivnost ekstrakta. Ispitivanje farmakoloških efekata sprovedeno je primenom odgovarajućih metodologija pri čemu je određivan anksiolitički, hipnotički efekat i antimikrobna aktivnost etanolnog ekstrakta plodova crnog gloga.Crataegus nigra, black hawthorn, may grow either into shrubs or small trees. Its habitat is the alluvial flood plain along the larger rivers in Hungary, Serbia and Croatia. The genus Crataegus is very rich in species and many of them have been phytochemically and pharmacologically examined thoroughly. Chemical characterization of different species of Crataegus has revealed the presence of flavonoids, flavonoid glycoside, procyanidins, while pharmacological analysis has shown cardioprotective, antioxidative, antimicrobial, gastroprotective effects. However, the previous studies in Crataegus nigra species were focused only on botanical and morphological characteristics. In the literature, there is no data concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this species. The aim of this research is to determine the chemical profile of this hawthorn species, as well as to determine the biological activity and pharmacological effects of water-ethanol extracts of C. nigra fruits. For the planned analysis, C.nigra fruit extract was prepared in 80% ethanol. Applying reference methodology, the total content of phenols, flavonoids and procyanidins was determined. Phenolic compounds were identified using 45 standard substances. In vitro, antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using DPPH test. Studies on the pharmacological effects were carried out using appropriate methodologies while assessing anxiolytic effect, hypnotic effect and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of black hawthorn fruit. The research findings showed the dominant presence of flavonoid glycosides, among which rutin, isoquercetin and hyperoside stand out by their quantity. The presence of numerous phenolic compounds and procyianidins was proved. The studied extract showed antioxidant effect. When compared with the examined standards (BHT, BHA and quercetin) it was weaker, but it ranked equal in antioxidant activities to other hawthorn species. C.nigra fruit ethanol extract showed significant anxiolytic effect. This statistical significance was noticed as compared to negative control, but was not noticed as compared to positive control (diazepam). Hypnotic effect of the extract also had statistical significance as compared to negative control. Antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was the strongest at the highest applied concentrations. However, not one of the applied concentrations led to growth inhibition of the fungus Candida albicans

Energetska efikasnost i komfor Grand hotela

Objekat Grand hotela na Lopudu i danas predstavlja veoma atrakti- van objekat, posebno uzimajući u obzir datu funkciju. Međutim, da bi funkcionisao kao ugostiteljski objekat, mora proći kroz proces rekonstrukcije i energetske sanacije, kako bi ispunio trenutne zahteve i propise po regulativi. Budući da je ovaj objekat izveden u brutalističkom stilu, sa specifičnom horizontalno pokrenutom fasadom, nemoguće je predvideti standardnu sanaciju – dodavanje termoizolacije, zamenu stolarije... već je neo- phodno zadržati duh objekta i atmosferu, odnosno duh mesta – te povezati komfor koris- nika u enterijeru i eksterijeru Grand hotela sa potrebnim merama sanacije. Da bi se postavili postamenti po kojima je potrebno izvesti restauraciju, potrebno je istraživati odnos značaja komfora korisnika (temperaturni, zvučni, vizuelni), u od- nosu na mere sanacije i njihov uticaj – pre svega na eksterijer, odnosno fasadu objekta, a zatim i na enterijer – smeštajne jedinice, komunikacije, zajedničke prostore. Sa zadatkom na značajnim objektima poput Grand hotela, pretpostavlja se da je značaj- nije izvesti tek osnovne nivoe energetske sanacije i saniranja konstruktivnog sklopa i enterijera, jer će zadržana atmosfera i projektovani komfor nadoknaditi nedostatke u smislu odavanja energije iz objekta

Prospektivna perspektiva: vizualna antropologija i/kao nematerijalna kulturna baština u Srbiji

Although only recently recognized by the Serbian government (in 2010), intangible cultural heritage constitutes an indispensable part of anthropological research programs in Serbia. We juxtapose current Serbian national and socio-anthropological practices toward ICH and discuss the importance of these practices for the safeguarding of this heritage. Furthermore, we focus on visual anthropology and visual ethnography to explore the possibilities, benefits and limitations of visual technologies in the safeguarding process. Last, we apply the idea of the humanities and social sciences as ICH (and not only the organized exploration of it) to visual anthropology in order to merge the gap between the decontextualization of ICH and its safeguarding.Premda je srpska vlada tek 2010. godine priznala nematerijalnu kulturnu baštinu kao pojam, ona je nezaobilazan dio antropoloških istraživačkih programa u Srbiji. U ovome radu uspoređujemo postojeće srpske nacionalne i socioantropološke prakse prema nematerijalnoj kulturnoj baštini te raspravljamo o važnosti tih praksi za očuvanje same baštine. Nadalje, kroz prizmu vizualne antropologije i vizualne etnografije proučavamo mogućnosti, prednosti i ograničenja korištenja vizualnih tehnologija u postupku očuvanja te baštine. Najzad, na vizualnu antropologiju primjenjujemo shvaćanje humanističkih i društvenih znanosti kao nematerijalne kulturne baštine (a ne samo kao organiziranog istraživanja te baštine), čime nadilazimo jaz između dekontekstualizacije nematerijalne kulturne baštine i njezina očuvanja

Editorial: Antimicrobial nanostructured polymeric materials and nanocomposites, volume II

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens represent one of the major clinical challenges responsible for high-level morbidity and mortality. They are a significant problem to the public health and the economic stability of societies all over the world. In November 2021 WHO has declared AMR as one of the top 10 global public health threats (Antimicrobial resistance (who.int)). According to CDC’s 2019 AMR Report, although declining since 2013, with 2.8 million new cases and more than 35,000 deaths each year, the number of people facing the AMR problem in United States is still too high (Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (cdc.gov)). AMR also remains the major health concern of EU with more than 670,000 new cases of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and more than 33,000 deaths per year (Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022 - 2020 data (europa.eu)). In 2019 China recorded 39-% drop of antibiotic use in hospitalised patients compare to 2011 (Antimicrobial resistance - China (who.int)). Still, with 73,000 estimated new cases only for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, the region remained at second position of the global highest incident rates (Antimicrobial resistance - China (who.int)). Each year a large number of people receive different kinds of implants, for example, hip or knee. However recent discoveries reveal that, either during the operative protocol or due to secondary infections, the implant’s surface could be colonized by bacteria, fungi, or both which can have serious consequences on a patient’s health. According to Annual Epidemiological Report of ECDC in 2016, post-surgical infections were identified as most common healthcare-associated infections (Surgical site infections - Annual Epidemiological Report 2016 [2014 data] (europa.eu)). In recent years it has been also recognized that microbial biofilms are ubiquitous, which has resulted in a number of studies from a biofilm perspective. Currently, great efforts are focused on the development of innovative therapeutic strategies regarding both novel drug candidates and drug delivery systems for treating microbial infections associated with implants. However, despite all these efforts as well as the urgent need, an effective and long-lasting solution to this problem is still not found. In the last decades, great attention is paid to nanostructured polymeric materials and nanocomposites because of their unique properties, which make them appropriate candidates for various applications in different medical and pharmaceutical fields. This Research Topic draws attention to the up-to-date findings regarding these issues and advanced therapeutic strategies and approaches as possible solutions

Editorial: Antimicrobial Nanostructured Polymeric Materials and Nanocomposites

Infectious diseases are a significant burden on the public health and the economic stability of societies all over the world. Drug resistance presents an ever-increasing global public health threat that involves all major microbial pathogens and antimicrobial drugs. The considerable concern regarding bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents, bacterial adhesion, and proliferation has generated intense research in this field. Although urgently needed, an effective and long-lasting solution to this problem, i.e. microbial and especially bacterial colonization, has not yet been found. In the last decades, nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, due to their high surface area and size at the nanoscale. Owing to these extraordinary characteristics, nanomaterials are appropriate candidates for various applications in different fields such as medicine, pharmacy, food industry, etc. New strategies based on the use of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanogels, nanofibers, nanocomposites, or nanocoatings for controlling microbial virulence factors are very promising. In addition special focus recently is paid on nanostructured polymeric materials and nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties. The increasing attention within the scientific community regarding this topic can be easily assessed by searching the suitable keywords in some recognized literature databases. According to Scopus, in the last 10 years, more than 1,300 peer-reviewed documents have been published jointly containing keywords such as “nanocomposites” and “antimicrobial”. Interestingly, in the more specified search which refers to the utilization of nanostructured polymeric materials, it could be observed a similar profile i.e. growing tendency